Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen in some countries, is one of the most extensively used generic drugs in the world. It is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever and is available over-the-counter (OTC) in various forms. Despite being simple and affordable, it plays a vital role in both modern medicine and household first-aid kits.

What is Paracetamol?

Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is included in the Essential Medicines List by the World Health Organization (WHO), which means it is considered crucial for basic healthcare systems.

Key Characteristics

Generic name: Paracetamol (Acetaminophen in the US and Canada)

Available forms: Tablets, syrups, drops, injections, suppositories

Usual dosage: 500 mg to 650 mg for adults; pediatric dose is weight-based

Prescription: Generally available over-the-counter

Common Uses of Paracetamol

Paracetamol is known for its mild action and is suitable for most age groups. It is used to treat a variety of common health conditions.

Common Uses

Fever reduction in children and adults

Headaches and migraines

Toothaches

Menstrual cramps

Muscle aches and back pain

Pain after vaccinations

Mild to moderate arthritis discomfort

How Does It Work?

Paracetamol works in the following ways:

Blocks the production of prostaglandins, chemicals in the brain responsible for pain and fever

Acts on the brain’s temperature regulation center (hypothalamus) to reduce fever

Unlike NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, it does not reduce inflammation, making it safer for people with gastric sensitivity or ulcers.

Brand Names vs Generic Name

Paracetamol is the generic name, but it is sold under many brand names around the world. Despite differences in branding, the active ingredient remains the same.

Common Brand Names

Crocin (India)

Calpol (India, UK)

Tylenol (USA)

Panadol (Global)

These branded versions may include flavoring, color, or other inactive ingredients, but their therapeutic effect is similar.

Benefits of Using Generic Paracetamol

Generic medications like paracetamol are affordable and easily accessible, making them a preferred option for both healthcare professionals and patients.

Advantages

Cost-effective without compromising quality

Available in urban and rural pharmacies

Proven effectiveness over decades

Safe for children when used correctly

Fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to NSAIDs

Precautions and Side Effects

While paracetamol is generally safe, overdosing can lead to serious liver damage. It should always be used responsibly.

Important Precautions

Do not exceed 4,000 mg in 24 hours (adults)

Avoid using multiple products that contain paracetamol

Do not mix with alcohol, as it increases the risk of liver damage

Always read labels and consult a doctor for prolonged use

Possible Side Effects (Rare)

Nausea

Skin rash or allergic reaction

Liver toxicity in case of overdose

Paracetamol Use in Children

Paracetamol is the first-line treatment for fever and mild pain in infants and children. When used properly, it is considered safer than many other medications.

Usage Guidelines

Use pediatric formulations such as syrups or drops

Always measure doses with the proper dosing tool (not a kitchen spoon)

Follow dosing instructions based on the child’s weight and age

Seek medical advice if fever persists beyond 2–3 days

Conclusion

Paracetamol is a trusted and essential generic medicine used globally for managing pain and fever. It is a perfect example of how a low-cost, widely available drug can have a significant impact on public health.

While it is generally safe, it must be used responsibly, especially in terms of dosage and duration. By understanding how and when to use paracetamol, individuals can effectively treat common health issues while avoiding unnecessary risks.